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The Swedish government has decided that all research results in the form of research data and scientific publications financed with public funds should be openly accessible as far as possible. The question is whether the responsible actors and if the universities are ready to implement the change. The significance of open access has amplified in Sweden. Earlier research has brought to light that the collection and preservation of research data are often surrounded by ambiguous rules and lack a comprehensive structure. For example, archiving is not given enough consideration in connection to research projects and researchers often tend to save their material on platforms that are not persistent over time. This article is based upon a qualitative research approach where 15 semi-structured interviews have been used as primarily data sources to investigate the implementation of open access of research data and scientific publications. The article investigated how Swedish universities and public authorities were working with archiving and implementation of open research data and their opinions on open access. The results displayed a lack of coordination, resources and infrastructure but also that common agreed nomenclature were missing. The management of research data was not part of an overall recordkeeping strategy. One explanation could be differences in the information culture among researchers and archivists. Social sciences theory has been combined with archival theory in order to explain the reasons to this. These have been put in relation to the principles of the open data directive. ; This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Community archives have developed in response to gaps in the documentary record and the real and perceived limitations of state-funded archives. These communities, whether defined by location, shared identity, or common interests, recognize the vital role of records in building collective memory and the importance of having access to their history. Informed by postmodern and postcolonial intellectual concerns, archivists have explored such themes and taken a greater interest in community archives as models of archiving that offer new opportunities and tools for capturing diversity and multiple perspectives on the past. This thesis traces the history of archival thought in relation to community by examining the dichotomy between community and mainstream archives. It explores the breakdown of the dichotomy, as exemplified in recent models of independent community archives and participatory archives. Case studies of the Boissevain Community Archives and Shingwauk Residential Schools Centre test the hypothesis that archivists stand to benefit from a historical perspective on community archives, one that takes into account the ongoing production of community and the role of archives, archivists, and community members in that production. Throughout, this thesis reaffirms the value of historical analysis in archival studies, arguing that it enriches understandings of the provenance of records created, maintained, and preserved by community. ; October 2016

Traditional archival praxis oftentimes depicts thearchival donor as an observer and recipient of services or benefits. One that can either comply with the rules andexpectations set forth by the archivist and archival institution when donating their materials or walk away from the process and opportunity. Despite the historic role of donor contributions in the form of archival donations, donors and their needsremain overlooked in much of the archival literature. Instead, current archival paradigms tend tofocus more on the archival materials more so than the people behind them. But what if donorsand archivists could reimagine their relationship and the ethical obligations associated with this bond? This article applies Michelle Caswell and Marika Cifor's archival theory of radical empathycombined with the theoretical framework of political consciousness as set forth by Blackfeminism. Using these frameworks, the research study uses a mixed method approach thatincludes a literature review of relationships in the archival field and a qualitative conventionalcontent analysis of collected interview data from the donor case study of living music artistdonors. As archivists seek to improve collection development and acquisition practices more attention must be placed on the care, affirmation, and wellbeing of the archival donor.Through collaboration with donors, archivists can strengthen archival practices by centeringpeople and not just the things. By combining an ethics of care which introduces "a web ofmutual affective responsibility" alongside the construction of a donor political consciousness,this article shows how donor participation contributes and strengthen archival practices thatcenter people and not just things. The article and findings offer a distinct pathway to better understand the challenges, limitations, and possibilities of donor relationships and the benefitsof donors recognizing the importance of active participation and understanding of their role inthe archival process. Pre-print first published ...

Information technology and political motives, e.g. e-governance, freedom of information legislation, has recent years lead to an increasing emphasis on users and access to records, but little research based knowledge about those issues exist so far. The main focus of the previous research is the use of non-current records in archival repositories. The aim of this thesis is to make a contribution to the research field, in order to gain a better understanding of the information behaviour of users of records in contemporary organizational settings. The research questions addressed are: § How are records used in contemporary organizations?- In what context and for what purposes are records used?- What user categories can be identified? § How is the search for records mediated?- What intermediaries are used in the search process?- How well do the features of the artefactual intermediaries serve the users' information needs?- What is the role of human intermediaries? An additional purpose of the study is to contribute to theory development, and to provide a conceptual model of the information behaviour of users of records that can form the basis for further research. The thesis is based on explorative case studies undertaken in two contemporary Swedish public organizations, one municipality and one governmental agency. Data was collected through interviews, analysis of documentary sources and complementary observations. The analysis of the findings was guided by a theoretical framework consisting of activity theory informed by concepts from archival theory and models of information behaviour. The results of the cases studies showed that information behaviour of users of records and the search process could be described as a part of an activity system. The search process was a sub-ordinated activity of other activities. The needs for records was generated by a task or accomplishment of anykind with purpose to achieve something. Those needs motivated the purposes of use of records: material, operational, accountability seeking or knowledge enhancing purposes. The subjects, users in collaboration with the registrars and archivists, seeked to obtain records with help of different mediational means, e.g. artifactual intermediaries as the journal and the archives inventory that could be defined as representational systems, in order to reach a certain outcome: fact-finding, re-construction of past actions and events, regaining experience and knowledge, verifying status, or illustrating and exemplifying. A variety of user groups, internal as well as external, could be identified in both organizations. Those could act as direct or indirect users, and indirect use by one part meant direct use by another who acted as a mediator between the records and the end users. The external users could be defined as stakeholders of the organizations or other users. Users showed, with occasional exceptions, a preference for informal means of mediation, particularly personal communication. Certain features of the formal representational systems, journals and inventories, could be identified, which made them less useful as search tool. Those were generated by contradictions and tensions within the organizations: contradictions within the representational systems; contradictions between the tasks of the users and the representational systems; contradictions between user requests and the access points in the representational systems; contradictions between external users and the activities of the organizations; contradictions between exogenous institutional conditions and the the activities of the organizations; and contradictions of a temporal character. These circumstances necessitated an active intervention of human intermediaries. This could be seen as an example of the division of labour in the organizations. Search and retrieval of records were part of the registrars' and the archivists' specific professional knowledge, but were not considered as primary tasks of other employees or, especially not, of the external users. The results of the study contributes to to the knowledge about the use of records, and how records are approached. It provides a model of the search process that can form the basis for further research. The practical implications of the findings could be improved search tools and user services, i.e. enhanced access. The thesis can also contribute to theoretical enrichment of the field by combining a more comprehensive social theory with archival theory and concepts from information science. ; Utveckling av arkiv- och informationsvetenskap

The article considers the issues of defining the boundaries of the disciplines of the records management and archival science in the framework of modern practice and theory. These disciplines have traditionally developed in parallel and in each of them a certain approach to working with the document was formed . In the first, the main attention is paid to the documents formed in the course of management activities, primarily organizational and administrative. The second discipline includes in its circle of interests all types of documents that are deposited in archives, including private documents. Such inconsistency leads, among other things, to legal consequences when a "document" registered in the archive does not have the necessary details from the point of view of the records management to be considered as a document. In fact, archivists, accepting documents to the archive that were not created according the documenting rules, assign them the necessary details and the status of the document. Also, the connection occurs at the stage of preventive value appraisal, when archivists create lists of documents with indication of retention period. In the article, based on the analysis of the subject area, it is proposed to combine the two disciplines in a normative and methodological plan in order to close the existing gaps.

The edited volume Archives and the Cultural Heritage focuses on archives as institutions and to their tense relationship with archives as material. These dynamics are discussed in respect of the past, the present, and the future. The focus lies in the mechanisms the Finnish archive institutions have utilised when taking part in forming the cultural heritage and in debating the importance of the private archives in society. Within social sciences and history from the early 1990s onwards, the effects of globalisation have been seen as a new focal point for research. Momentarily, the archives saw the same paradigm shift as the focus of the archival studies proceeded from state to society. This brought forth the notion that the values of society are reflected in the acquisition of archival material. This archival turn draws attention to the archives as entities formed by cultural practices. The volume discusses cultural heritage within Finnish archives with diverse perspectives and from various time periods. The key concepts are cultural heritage and archives – both as institution and as material. Articles review the formation of archival collections spanning from the 19th to the 21st century and highlight that the archives have never been neutral or objective actors; rather, they have always been an active process of remembering and forgetting, a matter of inclusion and exclusion. The focus is on private archives and on the choices that guided the creation of the archives and the cultural perceptions and power structures associated with them. Although private archives have considerable social and research value, and although their material complements the picture of society provided by documentary data produced by public administrations, they have only risen to the theoretical discussions in the 21st century. The authors consider what has happened before the material ends up in the archive, what happens in the archive and what can be deduced from this. It shows how archival solutions manifest themselves, how they have influenced research and how they still affect it. One of the key questions is whose past has been preserved and whose is deemed worthy of preservation. Under what conditions have the permanently preserved documents been selected and how can they be accessed? In addition, the volume pays attention to whose documents have been ignored or forgotten, as well as to the networks and power of the individuals within the archival institution and to the politics of memory. The Archives and the Cultural Heritage is an opening to a discussion on the mechanisms, practices and goals of Finnish archival activities. It challenges archival organisations to reflect on their own operating models and to make visible their own conscious or unconscious choices. It raises awareness of the formation of the Finnish documentary cultural heritage, produces new information about private archives and participates in the scientific debate on the changing significance of archives in society. The volume is related to the Academy of Finland research project "Making and Interpreting National Pasts – Role of Finnish Archives as Networks of Power and Sites of Memory" (no 25257, 2011–2014/2019), University of Turku. Project partners Finnish Literature Society (SKS) and Society of Swedish Literature in Finland (SLS).

The Sinai icon from the collection of Porfiry Uspensky, which was preserved in the Museum of Church Archaeology at the Kiev Theological Academy and was lost during the Second World War, contained the images of the Descent from the Cross and Lamentation. As far as can be judged from two black and white photographs from the archives of G.I. Vzdornov and M.V. Alpatov, it was created in the second half of the XIV century. Rather, it can even be attributed to the third quarter of the century, as evidenced by the parallels from murals and icon painting. Its style is close to the painting of Constantinople. The closest parallel among the icons preserved in the monastery of St. Catherine on Sinai seems to be a polyptych with scenes of the Descent from the Cross and the Entombment.

The article deals with the main issues of archival studies and archival affairs, which became most relevant at the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century. At the end of the 1980-s a new stage in the development of archival science began, characterized not only by the development and strengthening of its theoretical connection with the source studies and the history of state institutions, development of interdisciplinary scientific approaches. This period is associated with the name of V.N. Autocratov and his first application of the anthropological approach to the studying of the history of the archival affairs, as well as his appeal to the origins of the development of the theory for archival studies through disclosure of the life and activities of specific people and specialists of the late 19th – early 20th century, along with a rethinking of the previous scientific results achieved. Due to the new trends in the life of the state and the formation of a new historical consciousness of the society, the national archival studies faced new tasks that require scientific and methodological solutions. Archivists managed to ensure methodically the adaptation of the national archival business to the new conditions. The legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of archival affairs was adopted and the preservation of the Archival Fund of the country was ensured. The Archival Fund was enriched by the documents of the Communist Party of the USSR and part of the documents of the former KGB and their organic inclusion in the system of state archives of Russia. At the beginning of the 21st century, after the adoption of Federal Law no. 125 of October 22, 2004 "On Archival Affairs in the Russian Federation", the need for the development of a new scientific and methodological base for national archival work was scientifically substantiated. A lot of work was done to create new rules for the work of state and municipal archives that preserved the traditional principles of archives justified by life. Methodological manuals and recommendations on the main activities of archival institutions were prepared. That period is characterized by actively developing new technologies and intensive work with electronic documents at all stages of their existence

This book provides fresh insights on Piero Sraffa's work, by examining previously unpublished papers from Sraffa archives. It offers new perspectives on the connection between Sraffa amd Marx, and examines Sraffa's approach to money, the role of equilibrium and of the surplus in economic theory, Towards a New Understanding of Sraffa examines the legacy of Piero Sraffa by approaching his ideas in a new light, thanks to the insights gained from the opening of the archive collection of his papers at the Wren Library (Trinity College, Cambridge, UK). It provides a refreshing perspective into Sraffa's approach to money, the role of equilibrium and of the surplus in economic theory. The study is backed by previously unpublished, original, archival material. It provides an appraisal of the discontinuities in the path leading to the publication in 1960 of Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities since its conception in the late 1920s. It unlocks significant new perspectives about the connection of Sraffa to Marx regarding Standard commodity, the macro-social and monetary theory of exploitation, the tendency of the rate of profit to fall, and the transformation of values into prices of production. It also offers insights on how Sraffa dealt with money in the various phases of his thinking, and explores his ideas about the role of equilibrium and of the surplus in economic theory. It concludes with an account of some recent Sraffa scholarship and points towards future research avenues